Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM®)
2004
data model elements
Glossary
Glossary
- Annotation:
- An explanatory note; a commentary made during the learner's time in
the content.
- Assessment:
- A test, quiz or other method of determining the learner's knowledge
or skills.
- Asset:
- An electronic file representing media, text, image, audio, etc. that
does not communicate with the LMS. The Asset may be a single file or a
file made up of other assets.
- Audio Captioning:
- A series of words that communicate dialogue.
- Bookmarking:
- A marker in the content.
- Completion:
- A predetermined point at which the SCO is considered finished or complete.
- Correct Response:
- Interaction Data that provides a collection of possible correct responses
for the interaction.
- Fill In:
- An Interactions Type that requires the learner to supply a short response;
the required response is typically one or two words. A Fill In interaction
can be designed to have the learner provide multiple Fill In responses.
- Interaction Description:
- Interaction Data that provides a brief informative description about
the interaction.
- Interaction Identifier:
- Interaction Data that provides a unique label to distinguish one interaction
from another.
- Interaction Journaling:
- A method for the SCO to record information each time the learner responds
to an interaction, including each time a learner changes an answer to
an interaction.
- Interaction Objective Id:
- Interaction Data that provides a unique label for the objective associated
with the interaction. Multiple objective identifiers can be associated
with a given interaction.
- Interaction Status Tracking:
- A method for the SCO to store only the latest information about the
interaction because it updates any previously recorded data.
- Interaction Timestamp:
- Interaction Data that provides a record of the point in time when the
interaction was first presented to the learner.
- Interactions:
- Responses to individual questions or tasks that are intended to be recorded
by the SCO.
- Latency:
- Interaction Data that provides the time elapsed between the time the
interaction was made available to the learner and the time of the first
response.
- Launch:
- The action that occurs when the SCO is delivered to the learner by the
LMS.
- Learner Attempt:
- A tracked effort by a learner to satisfy the requirements of a learning
activity that uses a content object. An attempt may span one or more learner
sessions and may be suspended between learner sessions.
- Learner Response:
- Interaction Data that provides information generated when a learner
responds to the interaction.
- Learner Session:
- An uninterrupted period of time during which a learner is accessing
a content object.
- Learning Management System (LMS):
- A suite of functionalities designed to deliver, track, report on and
manage learning content, learner progress and learner interactions. The
term "LMS" can apply to very simple content management systems,
or highly complex enterprise-wide distributed environments.
- Likert:
- An Interaction Type that requires the learner to select from a discrete
set of choices on a scale.
- Location:
- A point in the content.
- Long Fill In:
- An Interaction Type that requires the learner to supply a response in
the form of several words to multiple paragraphs. A Long Fill In can be
used for interactions that would require responses in the form of essay,
code snippets, etc.
- Mastery:
- The achievement of a predetermined goal or score to satisfy completion
of a subject.
- Matching:
- An Interaction Type that requires the learner to associate related items
from two sets or lists of information.
- Maximum Score:
- The highest score a learner can achieve within a particular SCO.
- Minimum Score:
- The lowest score a learner can achieve by completing a particular SCO.
- Mode:
- A particular way the SCO may be presented to the learner.
- Multiple Choice:
- An Interaction Type in the form of a question or task with two or more
predefined selections that the learner may choose from.
- Performance:
- An Interaction Type that requires the learner to perform a task with
multiple steps.
- Project Requirements:
- Conditions, determined by the client, project team, or standards that
must be met in the design and development of the content.
- Raw Score:
- The learner’s score for the SCO, within the range of the minimum
and maximum values.
- Result:
- Interaction Data that provides a judgment about the correctness of the
learner’s response.
- Run-Time Environment (RTE) Book:
- A SCORM book that describes the Learning Management System (LMS) requirements
for managing the run-time environment (i.e., content launch process, communication
between content and LMSs and standardized data model elements used for
passing information about the learner). The RTE covers the requirements
of SCOs and their use of the API and the SCORM Run-Time Environment Data
Model.
- Scaled Score:
- The learner’s score, valued on a scale from –1.0 to 1.0.
- Score:
- SCORM RTE data model element used to measure a learner’s performance
or achievement of learning objectives.
- SCORM Run-Time Environment (RTE) Data Model:
- A standard set of data elements used to define the information being
communicated, such as, the status of the learning resource. In its simplest
form, the data model defines elements that both the LMS and SCO are expected
to "know about." The LMS must maintain the state of required
data elements across sessions, and the learning content must utilize only
these predefined data elements if reuse across multiple systems is to
occur.
- Sequencing:
- An Interaction Type that requires the learner to identify a logical
order for items in a list.
- Sharable Content Object (SCO):
- Represents a collection of one or more Assets that include a specific
launchable asset that utilizes the SCORM Run-Time Environment to communicate
with Learning Management Systems (LMSs). A SCO represents the lowest level
of granularity of learning resources that can be tracked by an LMS using
the SCORM Run-Time Environment.
- Sharable Content Object Refenece Model (SCORM®):
- Defines a Web-based learning "Content Aggregation Model" and
"Run-Time Environment" for learning objects. At its simplest,
it is a model that references a set of interrelated technical specifications
and guidelines designed to meet the DoD’s high-level requirements
for e-learning content and systems.
- Suspended Learner Attempt/Session:
- The result when the learner attempt or session has stopped and is incomplete.
- Threshold:
- The point that must be exceeded to begin producing a given effect, such
as completion.
- Timestamp:
- A time notation indicating when an event occurred.
- True/False:
- An Interaction Type in which the learner response is a state that contains
that values of "true" or "false".
- Version:
- A variation of an earlier type.
- Weight:
- Value assigned to an interaction and used to calculate a score.
- Weighting:
- Interaction Data that provides the value for the interactions used to
compute a total score for an assessment. The weights typically are used
to explain the effect of an interaction on a total score but are not intended
to be used by systems other than the content to compute the score.